Can China play peacemaker as Iran’s foreign minister heads to Beijing?

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Tehran and Beijing explore diplomatic paths amid escalating tensions between Iran and the United States.

Araghchi is expected to be back in Beijing on Wednesday, his second visit to the Chinese capital since the US-Israel war on Iran began at the end of February. Once again, the trip comes shortly ahead of a planned meeting between Trump and Chinese President Xi Jinping, this time in Washington later in September.

Araghchi’s own meeting on Wednesday will be with his Chinese counterpart, Wang Yi.

The meetings in May and now in September highlight the role China has played during the war, framing itself as a neutral party that wants an end to the conflict.

Xi instou o bloco BRICS, das potências do Sul Global, durante seu discurso em uma cúpula de países membros em Nova Deli no início desta semana, a atuar como pacificadores no conflito do Oriente Médio, e afirmou que a China estava disposta a colaborar com eles para alcançar esse objetivo.

While Xi hinted at interest in potentially playing an explicit US-Iran mediation role in his BRICS speech, he did not explicitly announce any such imminent diplomatic initiative.

Em vez disso, o presidente chinês promoveu mais uma vez um amplo plano de quatro pontos para a desescalada no Oriente Médio, que se concentra na coexistência pacífica, no respeito à soberania nacional, na adesão ao direito internacional e no equilíbrio entre desenvolvimento e segurança.

Analysts have pointed out that while China wants to see an end to a war that has brought tumult to financial and energy markets, it has traditionally avoided deeply entangling itself in third-party conflicts and potentially failed diplomatic initiatives.

Inside Iran, there have been varied opinions on the significance of Xi’s latest remarks.

O ex‑ministro das Relações Exteriores Mohammad Javad Zarif disse no domingo que as 'constructive initiatives' de Xi 'offer timely openings to de‑escalate tensions' e mostram que a diplomacia multilateral 'is the only viable path to stability.

But Hamed Vafaei, professor of Chinese literature at the University of Tehran and a China researcher, said that perceiving Xi’s remarks as an offer to mediate between Iran and the US was more of a “free interpretation” of his words than reality.

Nuclear file, sanctions and military cooperation.

Araghchi is also expected to discuss Iran’s nuclear programme with China, as Washington attempts to renew focus on Tehran’s activities.

Na semana passada, os EUA e seus aliados europeus, incluindo França, Alemanha e Reino Unido, conseguiram pressionar o conselho do órgão de controle nuclear das Nações Unidas, a Agência Internacional de Energia Atômica (IAEA), a encaminhar o Irã ao Conselho de Segurança da ONU.

The last such referral came 20 years ago and was followed by six UN Security Council resolutions being passed against Iran, and sweeping sanctions that hit the country’s economy hard.

This time, however, the move is expected to be largely symbolic. China and Russia have strongly opposed it, and can veto any new Security Council measures.

A pressão ocidental sobre Teerã continua em outros frentes. O chefe nuclear do Irã, Mohammad Eslami, foi impedido de participar da Conferência Geral da IAEA em Viena nesta semana, sob sanções de “snapback” reimpostas pelos poderes europeus no ano passado.

The US has continued to build on its own sanctions against Iran, launching “Operation Economic Outcast” to further isolate the Iranian government from the international community as it also tries to choke off the country through a naval blockade of Iran’s southern ports.

A large number of China-linked refineries, companies and financial channels allegedly facilitating dealings with Iran have also been targeted as part of the sanctions, although larger Chinese banks have not been hit so far.

Mas na segunda‑feira, o Tesouro dos EUA designou o VTB Bank da Rússia sob as sanções ao Irã. Ele não nomeou a China em suas declarações, mas o segundo maior banco russo é o único com uma filial licenciada na China continental, com acesso direto ao sistema de pagamento nacional da China.

China remains the largest buyer of Iranian crude oil and has vowed to protect its own interests despite the sanctions. It has continued purchasing Iranian oil stored beyond the reach of the US blockade.

China’s links to Iran’s military capabilities also drew attention in the US this week, after the Wall Street Journal reported that Iran had obtained high-resolution satellite images from Chinese entities before carrying out an attack on a US military base in Jordan that killed three American soldiers.

Trump minimizou o incidente quando foi questionado por repórteres, dizendo que os chineses estavam “basicamente fazendo o que nós fazemos”.

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